1. Which of the following protocols is commonly used for clock synchronization in computer networks?
- A) SMTP
- B) FTP
- C) NTP
- D) HTTP
- Answer: C) NTP (Network Time Protocol)
2. What is the main purpose of synchronization in a computer network?
- A) To ensure that all devices have the same data
- B) To coordinate the timing of data transfer across devices
- C) To detect and correct transmission errors
- D) To encrypt communication
- Answer: B) To coordinate the timing of data transfer across devices
3. Which of the following is the main issue that arises due to a lack of synchronization?
- A) Data integrity issues
- B) Delay in data transmission
- C) Packet loss
- D) Clock drift
- Answer: D) Clock drift
4. What does NTP stand for?
- A) Network Time Protocol
- B) Network Transfer Protocol
- C) Network Terminal Protocol
- D) Network Transport Protocol
- Answer: A) Network Time Protocol
5. Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is typically used in which type of networks?
- A) Local Area Networks (LANs)
- B) Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- C) Industrial networks and telecommunications
- D) Internet networks
- Answer: C) Industrial networks and telecommunications
6. Which of the following is NOT a synchronization method in distributed systems?
- A) Logical clocks
- B) GPS synchronization
- C) Vector clocks
- D) Manual clock setting
- Answer: D) Manual clock setting
7. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for synchronization of data flow between devices?
- A) Transport layer
- B) Session layer
- C) Network layer
- D) Data Link layer
- Answer: B) Session layer
8. In which type of transmission does synchronization play an important role?
- A) Synchronous transmission
- B) Asynchronous transmission
- C) Both A and B
- D) None of the above
- Answer: A) Synchronous transmission
9. What is the main challenge in synchronizing clocks in distributed systems?
- A) Network congestion
- B) Propagation delay and clock drift
- C) Encryption
- D) Bandwidth limitations
- Answer: B) Propagation delay and clock drift
10. In a distributed system, what method is used to keep track of the order of events across different nodes?
- A) Timestamps
- B) Vector clocks
- C) IP addresses
- D) Logical clocks
- Answer: B) Vector clocks
11. Which of the following is a potential result of poor synchronization in a computer network?
- A) Data collision
- B) Data redundancy
- C) Data fragmentation
- D) Data inconsistency
- Answer: D) Data inconsistency
12. Which of the following protocols is used for synchronizing time in the Internet?
- A) PTP
- B) NTP
- C) TCP
- D) IP
- Answer: B) NTP
13. Which type of synchronization does NTP use to maintain clock accuracy in distributed systems?
- A) Peer-to-peer synchronization
- B) Master-slave synchronization
- C) Asynchronous clocking
- D) Frequency modulation
- Answer: B) Master-slave synchronization
14. What is the primary purpose of the “drift” concept in clock synchronization?
- A) To measure network delay
- B) To determine the rate at which clocks lose or gain time
- C) To prevent data errors during transmission
- D) To manage buffer overflows
- Answer: B) To determine the rate at which clocks lose or gain time
15. Which of the following is NOT typically a result of clock synchronization in a network?
- A) Accurate timekeeping
- B) Correct sequence of events
- C) Improved network security
- D) Reduced latency
- Answer: D) Reduced latency
16. What is the main feature of Precision Time Protocol (PTP)?
- A) It synchronizes clocks over the Internet
- B) It is used primarily in high-precision industrial systems
- C) It has a large time offset
- D) It works by adjusting the frequency of clocks rather than the time
- Answer: B) It is used primarily in high-precision industrial systems
17. What is the typical accuracy range of NTP synchronization?
- A) Milliseconds
- B) Microseconds
- C) Nanoseconds
- D) Seconds
- Answer: A) Milliseconds
18. In a distributed system, logical clocks are typically used for what purpose?
- A) To maintain consistent time across all devices
- B) To order events without needing synchronized physical clocks
- C) To synchronize physical clocks in a system
- D) To handle the transmission of data in a specific sequence
- Answer: B) To order events without needing synchronized physical clocks
19. What type of synchronization is commonly required for video streaming over the Internet?
- A) Time synchronization
- B) Frame synchronization
- C) Audio synchronization
- D) Event synchronization
- Answer: B) Frame synchronization
20. Which of the following is true about the use of GPS in clock synchronization?
- A) GPS only synchronizes data between two systems
- B) GPS is used for synchronizing physical clocks with high accuracy
- C) GPS does not work in remote areas
- D) GPS synchronization is not commonly used in computer networks
- Answer: B) GPS is used for synchronizing physical clocks with high accuracy
