IP Addressing:-An IP Address is unique Identifier that differentiate devices on Internet. An IP Address is a address that help to reach on particular host on internet. An IP protocol is a group of command that required for Data transfer on Internet.
There are Two type of IP Address on internet
- IPV4 that is Internet Protocol version 4
- IPV6 that is Internet Protocol version 6
IPV4 Address:-
IPV4 Address is 32 bit address on internet that means four octants in IPV4 address each octant have 8 bit address. It can produce 4.29×109 address space.
XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX
eg .
in Binary 10000000.11000000.11100000.11111111
in Decimal 128.192.224.255
There are four octants in IPV4 address each octant have 8 bit. Octants are seperated by . Dot operator.
Each octant range is from 0 to 255.
255.255.255.255 (Maximum range of IP address).
IPV4 address divided into two part Network and Host part.
IP address generate using some rule that can be assigned by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) monitor by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).
There are two type of IP addressing in IPV4
- Classful IP Addressing.
- Classless IP Addressing.
IPV6 Address:-
IPV6 Address is 128 bit address on internet that means IPV6 address is divided in 8 groups each have 16 bit address.
XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX.XXXX
eg. IPv6 address: 1996:db9:5656:4525:8969:4321:2589:1475
It can produce 3.4×1038 address space. larger than IPV4.
IPV6 have 40 Byte Fixed Header. IPV6 have no Classful, Classless, VLSM Addressing
Key points of IPV4 and IPV6
| Key | IPV4 | IPV6 |
| Address Size | 32 Bit or 4 Byte | 128 bit or 16 byte |
| IP addresses | 2^32 | 2^128 |
| Format | Decimal | Hexa Decimal |
| NAT | Required | Not Required |
| IP Sec | Optional (No Security) | Mandatory (IP Sec uses for Security) |
| Header Size | 20-60 Byte Variable Header | 40 Byte Fixed Header |
| Header | Include Checksum, Options, Header Complex | Not Include Checksum, Option goes to IPV6 extension Headers Simple Header |
| Configuration | Manual or DHCP | No Need of Manual and DHCP Configuration. Node Auto Configuration |
| Classes | Use IP Classful, Classless, VLSM Addressing | No Classful, Classless, VLSM Addressing |
| Fragmentation | IPV4 used Sending Host and Routers for Fragmentation | IPV6 used Sending Host only for Fragmentation |
| Connectivity | End to End not possible | End to End possible |
| Transmission | Broadcast | Multicast, Anycast |
| MAC Address Resolution | Using ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) | Using NDP (Neighbour Discovery Protocol) |
| Group Management | IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol) | MLD (Multicast Listner Discovery) |
| Domain Name Server Resolution or DNS Name Queries | Uses A record in DNS to Map Host Name. | Uses AAAA record in DNS to Map Host Name. |
| Reverse Domain Name Server Resolution | in-addr.arpa | ipv6.arpa |
| Find lifetime of Packet | Using TTL | Using HOP Limit |
| ICMP | Optional Feature, Used ICMPV4 for router discovery | Required Feature, ICMPV4 replaced with ICMPV6 |