Transmission Impairment

Transmission impairment refers to any kind of distortion or interference that affects the quality of a signal while it travels …

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Digital Signatures

A digital signature is a cryptographic technique used to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation of digital messages or documents. …

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Plaintext vs Ciphertext

1. Introduction In cryptography, plaintext and ciphertext are key terms that describe the state of data before and after encryption. …

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Encryption and Decryption

1. Introduction Encryption and decryption are fundamental concepts in cryptography, used to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. They ensure …

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