If a data block has 8 bits and a Hamming code with 4 parity bits is used, how many bits will the transmitted data block consist of?
A) 8 bits
B) 12 bits
C) 16 bits
D) 20 bits
Answer: B) 12 bits
A message is transmitted with a 1-bit parity check. If the original message is 1011011, what will the transmitted message be (assuming even parity)?
A) 1011011
B) 10110110
C) 10110101
D) 10111011
Answer: B) 10110110
A data transmission has a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value of 101110 for a 6-bit message. If one bit of the data is corrupted during transmission, what will the CRC check value be when received?
A) 101110
B) 100111
C) 111101
D) 000000
Answer: D) 000000
In the Hamming code, if the received data block is 1011001, and the parity check positions are 1, 2, 4, and 8, which bit is in error?
A) 1st bit
B) 2nd bit
C) 3rd bit
D) 4th bit
Answer: B) 2nd bit
Using the Hamming code, how many parity bits are needed for a message that has 12 data bits?
A) 3 parity bits
B) 4 parity bits
C) 5 parity bits
D) 6 parity bits
Answer: B) 4 parity bits
A sender transmits a 16-bit data block with a 4-bit CRC. If the received message has no errors, what is the total number of bits received?
A) 12 bits
B) 16 bits
C) 20 bits
D) 24 bits
Answer: C) 20 bits
In a Go-Back-N ARQ system, if a packet of size 1000 bytes is transmitted with a transmission rate of 2 Mbps, what is the transmission time for this packet?
A) 4 milliseconds
B) 8 milliseconds
C) 16 milliseconds
D) 200 milliseconds
Answer: A) 4 milliseconds
In a system using a 16-bit CRC, what is the maximum length of a data sequence that can be checked for errors?
A) 16 bits
B) 32 bits
C) 64 bits
D) Unlimited
Answer: D) Unlimited
If a data packet with 512 bits is transmitted over a link with a 10 Mbps bandwidth, how long will it take to transmit the packet?
A) 0.05 seconds
B) 0.1 seconds
C) 0.2 seconds
D) 0.25 seconds
Answer: A) 0.05 seconds
In the Hamming code, the data bits are 1011 and the number of parity bits required is 3. What will the transmitted code word look like?
A) 1011101
B) 1011011
C) 1111011
D) 1101011
Answer: B) 1011011
If a data transmission has a 12-bit message and uses a 6-bit parity check, how many total bits are transmitted?
A) 12 bits
B) 18 bits
C) 24 bits
D) 30 bits
Answer: B) 18 bits
A message has a size of 1500 bytes, and the checksum is calculated by adding up all 16-bit words of the message. If the checksum value is 0xFEFE, what is the checksum value after adding 0x0101 to it?
A) 0xFFDF
B) 0xFF1F
C) 0xFEFF
D) 0x01FF
Answer: A) 0xFFDF
In the CRC method, if the polynomial divisor is 1011 and the data to be transmitted is 11011001, what will the remainder (CRC value) be?
A) 001
B) 110
C) 111
D) 010
Answer: D) 010
If the data block being transmitted is 101101101 and the checksum used is the 1’s complement of the sum of the data, what will the checksum value be?
A) 01100110
B) 11001101
C) 10001010
D) 11111000
Answer: B) 11001101
A message of 2000 bits is transmitted with a 32-bit CRC. How many bits are there in total (message + CRC) when received?
A) 2048 bits
B) 2024 bits
C) 2000 bits
D) 1984 bits
Answer: A) 2048 bits
If a Hamming code with 7 data bits uses 3 parity bits, what is the total length of the transmitted data block?
A) 10 bits
B) 7 bits
C) 8 bits
D) 11 bits
Answer: A) 10 bits
In the ARQ mechanism, the receiver receives a packet with the checksum 1101 and the expected checksum 1010. What should the receiver do?
A) Accept the packet as valid
B) Reject the packet and request retransmission
C) Change the checksum and forward the packet
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Reject the packet and request retransmission
In a Go-Back-N ARQ system, the sender transmits 5 packets, and the receiver detects an error in the 3rd packet. How many packets will need to be retransmitted?
A) Only the 3rd packet
B) 3 packets
C) 5 packets
D) 4 packets
Answer: C) 5 packets
If a 8-bit message is transmitted with a 4-bit checksum and the receiver detects an error, what action is taken?
A) The receiver corrects the error automatically
B) The receiver discards the message and requests retransmission
C) The receiver passes the message as valid
D) The message is re-encoded by the receiver
Answer: B) The receiver discards the message and requests retransmission
In the Hamming code, if a received message is 1100111 and the calculated parity bits indicate an error at position 4, what should the corrected message be?
