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1. Which of the following protocols is commonly used for clock synchronization in computer networks?
A) SMTP
B) FTP
C) NTP
D) HTTP
Answer : C) NTP (Network Time Protocol)
2. What is the main purpose of synchronization in a computer network?
A) To ensure that all devices have the same data
B) To coordinate the timing of data transfer across devices
C) To detect and correct transmission errors
D) To encrypt communication
Answer : B) To coordinate the timing of data transfer across devices
3. Which of the following is the main issue that arises due to a lack of synchronization?
A) Data integrity issues
B) Delay in data transmission
C) Packet loss
D) Clock drift
Answer : D) Clock drift
4. What does NTP stand for?
A) Network Time Protocol
B) Network Transfer Protocol
C) Network Terminal Protocol
D) Network Transport Protocol
Answer : A) Network Time Protocol
5. Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is typically used in which type of networks?
A) Local Area Networks (LANs)
B) Wide Area Networks (WANs)
C) Industrial networks and telecommunications
D) Internet networks
Answer : C) Industrial networks and telecommunications
6. Which of the following is NOT a synchronization method in distributed systems?
A) Logical clocks
B) GPS synchronization
C) Vector clocks
D) Manual clock setting
Answer : D) Manual clock setting
7. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for synchronization of data flow between devices?
A) Transport layer
B) Session layer
C) Network layer
D) Data Link layer
Answer : B) Session layer
8. In which type of transmission does synchronization play an important role?
A) Synchronous transmission
B) Asynchronous transmission
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer : A) Synchronous transmission
9. What is the main challenge in synchronizing clocks in distributed systems?
A) Network congestion
B) Propagation delay and clock drift
C) Encryption
D) Bandwidth limitations
Answer : B) Propagation delay and clock drift
10. In a distributed system, what method is used to keep track of the order of events across different nodes?
A) Timestamps
B) Vector clocks
C) IP addresses
D) Logical clocks
Answer : B) Vector clocks
11. Which of the following is a potential result of poor synchronization in a computer network?
A) Data collision
B) Data redundancy
C) Data fragmentation
D) Data inconsistency
Answer : D) Data inconsistency
12. Which of the following protocols is used for synchronizing time in the Internet?
A) PTP
B) NTP
C) TCP
D) IP
Answer : B) NTP
13. Which type of synchronization does NTP use to maintain clock accuracy in distributed systems?
A) Peer-to-peer synchronization
B) Master-slave synchronization
C) Asynchronous clocking
D) Frequency modulation
Answer : B) Master-slave synchronization
14. What is the primary purpose of the “drift” concept in clock synchronization?
A) To measure network delay
B) To determine the rate at which clocks lose or gain time
C) To prevent data errors during transmission
D) To manage buffer overflows
Answer : B) To determine the rate at which clocks lose or gain time
15. Which of the following is NOT typically a result of clock synchronization in a network?
A) Accurate timekeeping
B) Correct sequence of events
C) Improved network security
D) Reduced latency
Answer : D) Reduced latency
16. What is the main feature of Precision Time Protocol (PTP)?
A) It synchronizes clocks over the Internet
B) It is used primarily in high-precision industrial systems
C) It has a large time offset
D) It works by adjusting the frequency of clocks rather than the time
Answer : B) It is used primarily in high-precision industrial systems
17. What is the typical accuracy range of NTP synchronization?
A) Milliseconds
B) Microseconds
C) Nanoseconds
D) Seconds
Answer : A) Milliseconds
18. In a distributed system, logical clocks are typically used for what purpose?
A) To maintain consistent time across all devices
B) To order events without needing synchronized physical clocks
C) To synchronize physical clocks in a system
D) To handle the transmission of data in a specific sequence
Answer : B) To order events without needing synchronized physical clocks
19. What type of synchronization is commonly required for video streaming over the Internet?
A) Time synchronization
B) Frame synchronization
C) Audio synchronization
D) Event synchronization
Answer : B) Frame synchronization
20. Which of the following is true about the use of GPS in clock synchronization?
A) GPS only synchronizes data between two systems
B) GPS is used for synchronizing physical clocks with high accuracy
C) GPS does not work in remote areas
D) GPS synchronization is not commonly used in computer networks
Answer : B) GPS is used for synchronizing physical clocks with high accuracy
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